Persepolis 5th source:book

A Soaring Spirit, Amsterdam: Time-Life Books, 1988.

This book mentions different information about ancient empires, and the first of all is Persian Empire. It explains the way of life that the Persian Empire had, according to the ruler and the citizens. It mentions Persepolis and the events that occur there, and it is the place where officers from all satrapies of Persian Empire present their New Year “gift” to the king. Also, it has the pictures of the people on the stairways of the Apadana palace, and labels the people and what are their actions. Moreover, this book talks about the columns that were located in Persepolis that were topped by bulls’ head. This source is considered to be useful and suitable for the topic of the research paper, because is concentrate on relevant topics like the places at Persepolis and specifically the architecture. The book is not up to date, since it was first published at 1988 and it doesn’t affect the research if it’s not up to date. Since the editors of this book are the editors of the Life-Time books, it’s a credible source.

Limestone columns

"At Persepolis, Persian and delegations of subject peoples mounted the wide apadana steps with tribute for the king, climbing past royal guards."

Persepolis 4th Source: website (video)

YouTube. Persepolis, Iran. January 2007. You Tube. 22 April 2007. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PeA_jo6HM-A

This video generally discusses the mixture of architecture, art and the magic of beauty of Persepolis. Various scenes Persepolis are added in this video with a speaker that explains the places and the architectures. They mentioned area that Persepolis occupied from the entire Persia, and how long did I take till they finally completed building Persepolis since it started from the days of Darius till Xerxes who helped developing the city and completing the role of building the city. Moreover, this video mentioned the type of stones they used for architecture, which was the lime stone that was brought from different places. According to the walls and flours, glossy bricks were used to cover them in artificial method; also gold and silver were used to decorate the doors of the palaces. Persepolis had to wings located in different sides of the city; the western wing had the entrance stairs that had 110 steps on each side. In addition, some parts of the video were about the Gates of nations and what special events occurred there plus the materials they were made of. The Apadana palace as mentioned in the video is located to the south of Gates of nations, and stated to be the highest palace in Persepolis. Other useful information about Persepolis were mentioned in this video, like how the halls were later connected by Xerxes and the high columns.

Persepolis 3rd Source: Website

The Oriental Institute. Persepolis and Ancient Iran. 19 Apr. 2007. 21 Apr. 2007 http://oi.uchicago.edu/museum/collections/pa/persepolis/persepolis.html.

This website allows you to have all the information related to history and specifically about Persepolis. It describes Persepolis block by block and includes hundreds of pictures of Persepolis. It explains the Apadana place using a colorful plan. This website offers lots of information in relating to Persian architecture and specifically in the city of Persepolis, and presents various architectural buildings and describes them concisely. According to the reviewing of the information that is posted on this website, it gives out reviewed information and up to date. This website it’s reliable since the information is from The Oriental Institute, which is specialized in studying history and architecture.

IRAN: Persepolis - Apadana, Column Base from W Portico.

Persepolis 2nd source: Database (Academic Search Premier)

Jamzadeh, Parivash. "REFLECTIONS FROM PERSEPOLIS IN A MIRROR FOR

PRINCES." Iranica Antiqua 41 (2006): 71-78. Academic Search Premier.

21 April 2007. http://search.ebscohost.com.

This article concentrates on the stairways of the Apadana palace in the city of Persepolis, and briefly describes various gestures of officers and kings that are carved on the stairways artificially, plus it explains importance of their role and the functions of the staff officers. Moreover, this article describes the art scheme that occurred on the stairways and the messages that were delivered. Since the research topic is about the architecture in Persepolis, the art on the stairways of the palace is considered to be related to the topic. This source includes some pictures of the stairways and fine art on them. This article is not up to date but it doesn’t really matter since it is about history. This article is retrieved from the Academic Search Premier database, which is specialized in posting articles from magazines and journals.

Persepolis 1st source:book

Pope, Arthur U. Persian Architecture. Tehran: Soroush Press, 1969.

This book concentrated only on the Persian architecture, it includes lots of information that are related Persian architecture for instance, the old monuments like the tomb of Cyrus, tomb tower of Kharagan. Plus, this book includes valuable information about the city of Persepolis and the Apadana palace. Moreover, this book mentions the Islamic architecture and the special colors of mosaic that were used in mosques that were in Persia like Masjid-i-Jami in Isfahan and Masjid-i-Shah. Since the research topic is about the architecture in Ancient Persia and specifically in the city of Persepolis, this book answers many related questions either about Persepolis or any type architecture that existed in Ancient times of Persia. According to the book, this source was first printed on April 21, 1969 which is long time ago. Otherwise, having such a topic about architecture in ancient time, it doesn’t matter and it won’t affect if it is not up to date. This book is considered to be a reliable source and trustworthy, since it is introduced by the American archaeologist and historian of Persian art Arthur Upham Pope. Arthur Pope concentrated on studying art in Persia and was married to a wife that shared the same interest and was also from Persia.

Arthur Upham Pope Introducing

Persian Architecture